The comparative judgment of the preoperative fluid therapy was performed with 56 acute small bowel obstruction patients. The parameters of the oxygen delivery and the central hemodynamics were tested. It is shown that the fluid therapy conducted for 3 hours with the balanced colloidal and crystalloid solutions for a median of 500 and 2000 ml correspondingly reverses the hemodynamic dislocations, regulates the management of the oxygen delivery and to some extent improves the surgical results.

The study was undertaken for the relationship of the transpyloric jejunal nutrition support in infants suffering from severe sepsis and the long-lasting gut-specific malfunction. The study design is retrospective, probationary, single-center, historical control. A total of 127 infants were examined. The inclusion criteria are: neonatality, the available focus of inflammation infection, the dysfunction of two and more systems, the artificial pulmonary ventilation longer than 48 hours, available enteroparesis, ≥ 3 scores by the PRNS scale. It was established that under development of the intestinal failure with the sepsis infant patients, the transpyloric pathway is the preferred one for the enteral feeding delivery. The indication for the installation of the jejunal enteral feeding tube is the volume of the venter stagnant discharge of > 6 ml per day.

The objective of the work is to assess the implementation advisability of the biopsychosocial model of pain during the postoperative opioid analgesia. It was established that under the similar interventions in terms of severity and medication doses the bodily pain with the patients vary by a wide margin. The diagnosed differences may be conditional upon the biological, psychological and social factors, so the biopsychosocial approach is the promising direction to improve the postoperative opioid analgesia efficiency.

The changes of the intracellular potentials by the action of sevoflurane were studied for the diagnostic intact neurons of the isolated cerebrospinal axis of the Planorbarius corneus using intracellular electrodes. There observed a two-phase reaction of the neurons de- and hyperpolarization. The sevoflurane concentration of 2 mM depolarized the neurons (to 5 mV), the depolarization was interchanged with the mild hyperpolarization (at 2-5 mV). The impulse activity rate (IA) increased under  depolarization, while decreased under  hyperpolarization, the parameters of the action potentials (AP) changed slightly. The inversive hyperpolarization occurred for 5-10 minutes upon the anesthetic elimination. There occurred the short-term and inversive depolarization of the neurons at the sevoflurane concentration of 5 mM to 9,4 ± 2,2% of the reference, while the IA rate increased, the amplitude of the action potentials decreased with their duration increase, and sometimes the AP generation was completely abrogated. On action of sevoflurane concentration of 5 mM there developed the inversive hyperpolarization of the neurons to 18,1 ± 16,9% of the reference, that lasted 15-20 minutes thereafter. The  repeated neuron exposure with  the  same anesthetic is  always reproduced followed by  the  florid hyperpolarization. The  modulation of  the  electrical activity with  sevoflurane (the  hyperpolarization of  the  neurons and the decrease/termination of AP generation that evidenced the "improvement" of their functional status) may be the basis for the preconditioning, neuro- and cardioprotection.

The risk degree of the residual curarization was identified for the tracheal extubation under laparoscopic intervention. It is shown by the quantitative neuromuscular monitoring and "total-blind" control under which recovery rate of the neuromuscular conduction and how soon on the operation completion the intensivists perform the tracheal extubation on a routine basis.

The implementation of the individual focus principle of the hemodynamics monitoring with the surgical patients is not well presented in the references. As a result of the research study the recommendations were proposed for the use of the invasive and non-invasive hemodynamics monitoring techniques, depending on the course options of the traumatic disease. The non-invasive hemodynamics monitoring techniques, including the integral body rheography, are indicated for the compensated course option of the traumatic disease. Using the PiCCO Plus system monitor for the subcompensated course option of the traumatic disease allows the early prognosis of the cardiovascular insufficiency manifestation and the early detection of high risk of the acute respiratory distress syndrome for the decompensated option.

The article describes the medical cases of the successful abdominal birth of the women with a transplant kidney, linked with the available features in the intraoperative and postoperative periods. Such approaches as the combined walking epidural, the control of the transplant function and the assessment of the immunosuppressive therapy level were used with the anesthetic management of the intervention and the intensive therapy in the postoperative period.

The major heart attack in the carotid system, going with the cerebral edema is considered to date as the most mortal type of the ischemic stroke. The only prove successful treatment policy is the decompressive craniectomy. The early start of the operative intervention, reported in the references, brings about improvement of the clinical outcomes, however under limited time the diagnostics issues remain open and, as a consequence there perform the unreasonable traumatic operational assistance. 43 patients with the severe ischemic stroke were examined and an analysis of the S100-b glial peptide as a marker of malignant brain infarction course was performed. The neuropeptide monitoring in the blood serum allows detection of the responders to the decompressive craniectomy among the high-risk patients within 12-16 hours of the disease onset till the clinical deterioration development, when according to the computerized tomography the certain changes have not in yet.

Oxygen is an important component of the critical therapy, however its excessive intake can cause a number of adverse effects. The review describes the benefits and toxic effects of oxygen, as well as its use in the intensive treatment and anesthesiology.

The review describes the current understanding of the fluid overload etiology and the edema propagation mechanisms, as well as the basic metabolic changes which occur under the fluid overload are analyzed. The clinical, laboratory and radiological diagnostic methods and the methods of treatment are given in detail. The international data on the possible complications under the fluid overload are presented.