ACUTE RENAL INJURY IN THE PERI-OPERATIVE PERIOD
https://doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2018-15-1-46-54
Abstract
Acute renal injury is a relatively new notion (introduced into the practice since 2012), which is currently understood as a fast failure of renal functions (within 48 hours) with increasing absolute rates of serum creatinine up to 26.5 mcmol/l and more, with the relative increase of the creatinine concentration up to 50% and more (i.e. by 1.5 times) versus the initial level or as a documented oliguria with diuresis less than 0.5 ml per kg of the body weight during 6 hours. The frequency of acute renal injury increases every year especially in the patients undergoing massive surgical interventions. The effect of acute renal injury is often underestimated in the routine practice which can cause the increase in the mortality rate. There is no generally accepted procedure for prevention and management of acute renal injury. The review describes the aspects of diagnostics of acute renal injury and principles of peri-operative management.
About the Authors
D. V. Sokolov
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Anesthesiologist and Emergency Physician of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department for Emergency Detoxication of Research Clinical Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Russian Federation
Anesthesiologist and Emergency Physician of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department for Emergency Detoxication of Research Clinical Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Yu. S. Polushin
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Academician of RAS, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Research Clinical Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Head of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department
Russian Federation
Academician of RAS, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Research Clinical Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Head of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department
References
1. Kopylova Yu.V., Poz Ya.L., Strokov А.G., Poptsov V.N., Voronina O.V., Ukhrenkov S.G. Acute renal injury: historical aspects and diagnostic criteria. Vestn. Transplantologii I Iskusstvennykh Organov, 2010, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 94-99. (In Russ.)
2. Polushin Yu.S., Sokolov D.V., Belousov D.Yu., Cheberda А.E. Pharmacoeconomic assessment of intermittent and continuous renal replacement therapy. Vestn. Anesteziologii I Reanimatologii, 2017, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 6-20. (In Russ.)
3. Smirnov А.V., Dobronravov V.А., Rumyantsev А.Sh., Shilov E.M., Vatazin А.V., Kayukov I.G., Kucher А.G., Esayan А.M. National recommendations. Acute renal injury: main diagnostic principles of diagnostics, prevention and therapy. Part II. Nephrologiya, 2016, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 86-100. (In Russ.)
4. Arthur J.M., Hill E.G., Alge J.L., Lewis E.C., Neely B.A., Janech M.G., Tumlin J.A., Chawla L.S., Shaw A.D. Evaluation of 32 urinebiomarkers to predict the progression of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. Kidney Int., 2014, vol. 85, pp. 431-438.
5. Asfar P., Meziani F., Hamel J.F., Grelon F., Megarbane B., Anguel N., Mira J.P., Dequin P.F. High versus low blood-pressure target in patients with septic shock. New Engl. J. Med., 2014, vol. 370, pp. 1583-1593.
6. Bellani G., Laffey J.G., Pham T. et al. Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA, 2016, vol. 315, pp. 788-800.
7. Bellomo R., Ronco C., Kellum J.A. et al. Acute renal failure – definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit. Care, 2004, vol. 8, pp. R204–R212.
8. Bove T., Zangrillo A., Guarracino F., Alvaro G., Persi B., Maglioni E., Galdieri N., Comis M., Caramelli F., Pasero D.C., Pala G., Renzini M., Conte M., Paternoster G., Martinez B., Pinelli F., Frontini M., Zucchetti M.C., Pappalardo F., Amantea B., Camata A., Pisano A., Verdecchia C., Dal Checco E., Cariello C., Faita L., Baldassarri R., Scandroglio A. M., Saleh O., Lembo R., Calabro M.G., Bellomo R., Landoni G. Effect of fenoldopam on use of renal replacement therapy among patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2014, vol. 312, no. 21.
9. Bright R. Reports on medical cases selected with a view of illustrating disease with reference to morbid anatomy. London, Longmen, Rees, Orne, Brown, and Green, 1827. vol. I.
10. Bywaters E.G.L., Beall D. Crush injuries with impairment of renal function. BMJ, 941, pp. 140-147.
11. Case J., Khan S., Khalid R., Khan A. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit. Crit. Care Research and Practice, 2013, pp. 479‒730.
12. Chawla L.S., Amdur R.L., Shaw A.D. et al. Association between AKI and long-term renal and cardiovascular outcomes in United States veterans. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2014, vol. 9, pp. 448-456.
13. Chen S. Retooling the creatinine clearance equation to estimate kinetic GFR when the plasma creatinine is changing acutely. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2013, vol. 24, pp. 877-888.
14. Doi K., Hu X., Yuen P.S.T. et al. AP214, an analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and mortality. Kidney International, 2008, vol. 73, no. 11, pp. 1266‒1274.
15. Ethgen O., Schneider A.G., Bagshaw S.M., Bellomo R., Kellum J.A. Economics of dialysis dependence following renal replacement therapy for critically ill acute kidney injury patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2015, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 54-61.
16. Flaatten, H., Darmon, M. A nephrologist should be consulted in all cases of acute kidney injury in the ICU: Yes. Intens. Care Med., 2017, vol. 43, pp. 874.
17. Heberden W. Commentaries on the history and cure of diseases. London, Payne, 1802, Reprinted by Classics of Medicine Library, Birmingham, 1983.
18. Hjortrup P.B., Haase N., Bundgaard H., Thomsen S.L., Winding R., Petill V., Aaen A., Lodahl D., Christensen H., Madsen M.B., Winkel P., Wetterslev J., Perner A. CLASSIC Trial Group, Scandinavian Critical Care Trials Group Restricting volumes of resuscitation fluid in adults with septic shock after initial management: the CLASSIC randomised, parallel-group, multicentre feasibility trial. Intens. Care Med., 2016, vol. 42, pp. 1695-1705.
19. Hoste E.A., de Corte W., Epidemiology of AKI in the ICU. Acta Clin. Belg., 2007, vol. 62, suppl 2, pp. 314‒317.
20. Hoste E.A., Bagshaw S.M., Bellomo R., Cely C.M., Colman R., Cruz D.N., Edipidis K., Forni L.G., Gomersall C.D., Govil D., Honor P.M., Joannes-Boyau O., Joanniidis M., Korhonen A.M., Lavrentieva A., Mehta R.L., Palevsky P., Roessler E., Ronco C., Uchino S., Vazquez J.A., Vidal Andrade E., Webb S., Kellum J.A. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: the multinational AKI-EPI study. Intens. Care Med., 2015, vol. 41, pp. 1411-1423.
21. Hou C., Gong J., Chen D., Wang W., Liu M., Liu B. Levosimendan for prevention of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 2016, vol. 67, pp. 408-416.
22. Huen S.C., Parikh C.R. Predicting acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2013, vol. 93, pp. 337-347.
23. Ichai C., Vinsonneau C., Souweine B., Armando F., Canet E., Clec’h C., Constantin J. M., Darmon M., Duranteau J., Gaillot T., Garnier A., Jacob L., Joannes- Boyau O., Juillard L., Journois D., Lautrette A., Muller L., Legrand M., Lerolle N., Rimmele T., Rondeau E., Tamion F., Walrave Y., Velly L. Acute kidney injury in the perioperative period and in intensive care units (excluding renal replacement therapies). Ann. Intens. Care, 2016, vol. 6, pp. 48.
24. Kellum J.A. Kidney disease improving global outcomes: KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int., 2012, vol. 2, pp. 8‒12.
25. Kellum J.A., Chawla L.S., Keener C., Singbartl K., Palevsky P.M., Pike F.L., Yealy D.M., Huang D.T., Angus D.C. ProCESS and ProGReSS-AKI Investigators. The effects of alternative resuscitation strategies on acute kidney injury in patients with septic shock. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care, 2016, vol. 193, pp. 281-287.
26. Kellum J.A., Mehta R., Ronco C. Acute dialysis quality initiative (ADQI). Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2001, vol. 16, pp. 1555 ‒ 1558.
27. Kellum J.A., Hoste E.A.J. A nephrologist should be consulted in all cases of acute kidney injury in the ICU: No. Intens. Care Med., 2017, vol. 43, pp. 877.
28. Knight E.L., Glynn R.J., McIntyre K.M., Mogun H., Avorn J. Predictors of decreased renal function in patients with heart failure during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy: results from the studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD). Am. Heart J., 1999, vol. 138, pp. 849‒855.
29. Lewicki M.,Ng I., Schneider A.G. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for preventing acute kidney injury after surgical procedures requiring cardiac bypass. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2015, vol. 3:CD010480
30. Linder A., Fjell C., Levin A. et al. Small acute increases in serum creatinine are associated with decreased long-term survival in the critically ill. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2014, vol. 189, pp. 1075-1081.
31. Martina M.N. et al. T lymphocytes and acute kidney injury: update. Nephron. Clinical Practice, 2014, vol. 127, no. 1-4, pp. 51-55. PMC. Web. 21
32. Mehran R., Aymong E. D., Nikolsky E., Lasic Z., Iakovou I., Fahy M., Mintz G.S., Lansky A.J., Moses J.W., Stone G.W., Leon M.B., Dangas G. A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneouscoronary intervention: development and initial validation. J. Am. Coll Cardiol., 2004, vol. 44, pp. 1393-1399.
33. Masoomi H., Carmichael J.C., Dolich M., Mills S., Ketana N., Pigazzi A., Stamos M.J. Predictive factors of acuterenal failure in colon and rectal surgery. Am. Surg., 2012, vol. 78, pp. 1019-1023.
34. Mårtensson, J., Bellomo, R. What’s new in perioperative renal dysfunction? Inten. Care Med., 2015, vol. 41, pp. 514.
35. Martines A.M., Masereeuw R., Tjalsma H., Hoenderop J.G., Wetzels J.F., Swinkels D.W. Iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of iron-induced kidney injury. Nat. Rev. Nephrol., 2013, vol. 9, pp. 385-398.
36. Meersch M., Schmidt C., Van Aken H., Martens S., Rossaint J., Singbartl K., Gorlich D., Kellum J.A., Zarbock A. Urinary TIMP2 and IGFBP7 as early biomarkers of acute kidney injury and renal recovery following cardiac surgery. PLoS One, 2014, vol. 9, pp. e93460.
37. Mehta R.L., Kellum J.A., Shan S.V. et al. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit. Care, 2007, vol. 11, pp. 31.
38. Myburgh J.A., Finfer S., Bellomo R., Billot L., Cass A., Gattas D., Glass P., Lipman J., Liu B., McArthur C., McGuinness S., Rajbhandari D., Taylor C.B., Webb S.A. Hydroxyethyl starch or saline for fluid resuscitation in intensive care. N. Engl. J. Med., 2012, vol. 367, pp. 1901-1911.
39. Nigwekar S.U., Navaneethan S.D., Parikh C.R., Hix J.K. Atrial natriuretic peptide for management of acute kidney injury: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2009, vol. 4, pp. 261-272.
40. Osler W. The principles and practice of medicine. New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1892. pp. 717‒770.
41. Peters E., Masereeuw R., Pickkers P. The Potential of Alkaline Phosphatase as a Treatment for Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin. Pract., 2014, vol. 127, pp. 144‒148.
42. Pearse R.M., Harrison D.A., MacDonald N., Gillies M.A., Blunt M., Ackland G., Grocott M.P., Ahern A., Griggs K., Scott R., Hinds C., Rowan K. Effect of a perioperative, cardiac output-guided hemodynamic therapy algorithm on outcomes following major gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized clinical trial and systematic review. JAMA, 2014, vol. 311, pp. 2181-2190.
43. Prowle J.R., Kirwan C.J., Bellomo R. Fluid management for the prevention and attenuation of acute kidney injury. Nat. Rev. Nephrol., 2014, vol. 10, pp. 37-47.
44. Raw N. Trench Nephritis: A record of five cases. Brit. Med. J., 1915, no. 2(2856), pp. 468.
45. Raimundo M., Crichton S., Martin J.R., Syed Y., Varrier M., Ostermann M. Increased fluid administration after early acute kidney injury is associated with less renal recovery. Shock, 2015, vol. 44, pp. 431-437.
46. Smith H.W. Acute renal failure related to traumatic injuries; in The Kidney: structure and function in health and disease. Cary, Oxford University Press. 1951.
47. Su X., Xie X., Liu L., Lv J., Song F., Perkovic V., Zhang H. Comparative effectiveness of 12 treatment strategies for preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury: a systematic review and bayesian network metaanalysis. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 2016, vol. 16, pp. 30421-30428.
48. Sugimoto H., LeBleu V.S., Basukonda D. et al. Activin-like kinase-3 activity is important for kidney regeneration and reversal of fibrosis. Nature medicine, 2012, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 396‒404.
49. Sun L.Y., Wijeysundera D.N., Tait G.A., Beattie W.S. Association of intraoperative hypotension with acute kidney injury after elective noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology, 2015, vol. 123, pp. 515-523.
50. Thompson J.D., Kornbrust D.J., Foy J.W.D. et al. Toxicological and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Chemically Modified siRNAs Targeting p53 RNA Following Intravenous Administration. Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, 2012, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 255‒264.
51. Vijayan A., Faubel S., Askenazi D.J., Cerda J., Fissell W.H., Heung M., Humphreys B.D., Koyner J.L., Liu K.D., Mour G., Nolin T.D., Bihorac A. Clinical use of the urine biomarker [TIMP-2] Ч [IGFBP7] for acute kidney injury risk assessment. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 2016, vol. 68, pp. 19-28.
52. Walsh M., Devereaux P.J., Garg A.X., Kurz A., Turan A., Rodseth R.N., Cywinski J., Thabane L., Sessler D.I. Relationship between intraoperative mean arterial pressure and clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery: toward an empirical definition of hypotension. Anesthesiology, 2013, vol. 119, pp. 507-515.
53. Wilson F.P., Shashaty M., Testani J., Aqeel I., Borovskiy Y., Ellenberg S.S., Feldman H.I., Fernandez H., Gitelman Y., Lin J., Negoianu D., Parikh C.R., Reese P.P., Urbani R., Fuchs B. Automated, electronic alerts for acute kidney injury: a singleblind,parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2015, vol. 385, pp. 1966-1974.
54. Zarbock A., Gomez H., Kellum J.A. Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury revisited: pathophysiology, prevention and future therapies. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care, 2014, vol. 20, pp. 588-595.
55. Zhou C., Jeon Y., Meybohm P., Zarbock A., Young P.J., Li L., Hausenloy D.J. Renoprotection by remote ischemic conditioning during elective coronary revascularization: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int. J. Cardiol., 2016, vol. 222, pp. 295-302.
Review
For citations:
Sokolov D.V., Polushin Yu.S. ACUTE RENAL INJURY IN THE PERI-OPERATIVE PERIOD. Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION. 2018;15(1):46-54. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2018-15-1-46-54
Email this article 