ПОСТТРАНСФУЗИОННАЯ РЕАКЦИЯ ТРАНСПЛАНТАТ ПРОТИВ ХОЗЯИНА

Цель работы: проанализировать литературу, характеризующую данное осложнение. Условия возникновения ПТ-РТПХ складываются из нескольких факторов: количества и жизнеспособности лимфоцитов, содержащихся в переливаемом компоненте крови, восприимчивости иммунной системы пациента к приживлению донорских лимфоцитов и степени иммунологической HLA-гомологии между донором и реципиентом. Рассмотрены вопросы истории и эпидемиологии этого фатального синдрома, патогенеза, клинической картины, диагностики и терапии. Показано, что ключевые способы профилактики его развития состоят в отказе от трансфузий компонентов крови, заготовленных от близких родственников, и использовании специальных режимов облучения, подавляющих пролиферацию лимфоцитов донора. Вывод. Врачи, сталкивающиеся с трансфузиями компонентов крови, должны иметь в виду возможность развития посттрансфузионной реакции в варианте трансплантат против хозяина для своевременного диагностирования и начала специфической терапии этого осложнения.

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