Мониторинг восстановления внешнего дыхания в период постмедикации (обзор литературы)

Введение. Мониторинг внешнего дыхания после общей анестезии представляет интерес для прогнозирования осложнений, связанных именно с замедленным восстановлением компонентов внешнего дыхания из-за остаточного действия лекарственных препаратов. Проблема выбора оптимальных методов мониторинга для снижения рисков в послеоперационном периоде до сих пор не решена.

Цель – проанализировать данные литературы о методах исследования состояния компонентов внешнего дыхания при экстубации трахеи.

Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск источников по базам данных PubMed (MEDLINE), eLibrary, Google Scholar за период с 1971 г. по 2024 г. Результаты. Анализ литературы показал, что на сегодняшний день существует множество методов мониторинга состояния компонентов внешнего дыхания после общей анестезии, однако не во всех случаях их прогностическая оценка риска осложнений высока. Инструментальные методы зарекомендовали себя в качестве более объективных по сравнению с клиническими. Измерение окклюзионного давления дыхательных путей, ультразвуковые исследования мышечного тонуса диафрагмы, акселерометрические методы оценки восстановления нервно-мышечной проводимости дают представление специалистам о состоянии звеньев внешнего дыхания и обладают высокой специфичностью и чувствительностью.

Заключение. Совокупность разных методов, дающих оценку работы нескольких компонентов дыхательной системы, позволяет исключить остаточное действие лекарственных препаратов, изолированно действующих на разные компоненты дыхательной системы, тем самым предупредить риск осложнений после экстубации трахеи.

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